三岔河沿岸植物铅、镉富集特性的研究

以紫茎泽兰（EupatoriumadenophorumSpreng）、青蒿（HerbaArtemisiaeAnnuae）、三叶鬼针草（Bidenspilosa）、野牡丹（MelastomaAfffine D．Don）、光叶蕨（Knuiwatsukiacuspidata）为例,分别在河边、路边、山上和污水灌溉的旱地4个采样点采取5种植物的根部和茎叶,测量重金属元素Pb、Cd的含量、富集系数和转移系数并分析数据。结果表明,各种植物不同器官在不同环境中对重金属元素Pb、Cd的富集和转移水平各不相同,就平均水平来说三叶鬼针草对重金属Pb、Cd的富集系数较大,转移系数也高,但其对Pb的转移量明显高于Cd的转移量;紫茎泽兰对重金属元素Cd的富集和转移速度相对高于其它4种植物,说明紫茎泽兰对Cd的吸收和转移比较快,可作为受镉污染土壤进行改良的备选植物种。     

库布齐沙漠典型地区景观变化研究

Spatial pattern analysis is the core component in landscape ecology research. We analyzed the landscape pattern and dynamic process of the Kubuqi Desert by using a typical region as a study area. This study area includes four towns: ShuLinZhao, WangAiZhao, BaiNiJing and JiGeSiTai. The area of cropland, fixed sand dune, woodland, residential area and wetland increased and centralized gradually, while the area of semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and washland decreased and dispersed gradually from 1987 to 2003. On the landscape level, the patch shape tended to be regular, and the landscape pattern tended to be simple, causing the fragmentation degree, heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape to decrease. Fixed sand dune, Semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and river flood plains were the five main export classes, and residential area, cropland and wetland were the three main import classes. The classes that had a relatively large total area and large average patch area had a smaller extent of gravity center migration, whereas the classes with small total area and small average patch area had a larger extent of gravity center migration; this is because the small patches are easily influenced by human activities or natural factors. In addition, the desertification area and desertification degree reduced gradually in the study area during the period from 1987 to 2003.     

漳江调水工程水质目标可达性研究

针对峰头水库和漳江干流,分别建立零维水质模型和一维非稳态水量水质数学模型,并对参数进行率定。对9种不同调水方案实施后漳江流域近期(2015年)和远期(2020年)水质情况进行预测,结果表明:随着调水量和排污量的增加,漳江水质远期差于近期,且取水口越往漳江下游设置,调水对漳江水质的影响越小;总体上调水对漳江水质影响不大,调水后漳江水质达到地表水Ⅲ类水标准;漳江调水工程从对水质影响方面来说是可行的。     

水溶性有机物电子转移能力与荧光峰强度的关系研究

以不同来源的水溶性有机物（DOM）为供试材料,采用电化学方法和荧光光谱法研究了DOM电子转移能力及其与荧光峰强度的关系.采用库仑安培法测定DOM电子转移能力,其中测得的电子接受能力为635.6～1 049.3μmol.（g.C）-1,电子供给能力为27.3～42.3μmol.（g.C）-1.利用循环伏安法研究DOM电化学活性,发现其氧化还原电位在-731～-996 mV（vs.Ag/AgCl）之间.经过电位跃阶法三次氧化还原循环后电子转移能力仍可维持在232.1～897.2μmol.（g.C）-1之间,电子循环率为36.7%～78.2%,说明DOM具有重复利用、反复转移电子的特性.采用荧光激发发射光谱法（EEMS）测定DOM的类富里酸荧光峰强度并比较其与DOM电子转移能力的关系,发现DOM的类富里酸荧光峰强度与DOM的电子循环率具有显著相关（r2=0.92）.实验结果为理解DOM在元素循环、污染物降解以及生物地球化学循环中的作用提供科学依据.     

基于转运站满负荷的北京市新东西城区生活垃圾物流优化方案研究

北京市新东城和新西城成立后迫切需要对现有生活垃圾物流方案进行优化,实现生活垃圾资源化处理.以北京市东西城区生活垃圾为研究对象,利用统计预测模型和GIS空间分析技术与方法,在分析了4个老城区生活垃圾产生量及所属密闭清洁站垃圾流向和流量基础上,提出了基于满负荷运行的三大转运站(马家楼、小武基和大屯)生活垃圾等距离收集运输优化物流模式,分析了现状及新物流模式下生活垃圾物料平衡.结果表明,与现状收集模式相比,等距离优化物流模式可使清运距离减少约9.3×105km.a-1,与现状相比减少10%;同时,基于三大转运站满负荷运转的,部分考虑海淀、丰台和朝阳区跨区运行的生活垃圾优化物流模式下,且充分利用现有的处理处置设施,可减少原生垃圾填埋量约28.3%.在优化模式的基础上若北京市正筹建的3座垃圾焚烧厂建成后,可使新东西城区生活垃圾焚烧、生化、填埋比例由现状1∶4.8∶4.2,达到3.8∶4.5∶1.7,可基本接近北京市2015年生活垃圾焚烧、堆肥和填埋比例达到4∶3∶3规划目标.     

Industrial layout reconstruction,the role of local government and variation of pollution distribution in China

ABSTRACT

In recent years, high-polluting industries have been gradually shifted from the eastern developed regions to the central and western underdeveloped regions in China. Certain environmental regulations have been in place accordingly in various regions, but the pollution in the central and western regions has risen sharply. Based on the data of interprovincial panel in China from 2006 to 2015, this paper calculates high-pollution industry dynamic agglomeration index, environmental pollution agglomeration index and relative environmental regulation intensity index, and uses Generalized Method of Moments to carry out the regression analyses of the whole samples, regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between relative environmental regulation and environmental pollution concentration in China. The concentration degrees of industrial wastewater pollution and industrial waste gas pollution are deepened, which are mainly caused by the transfer of highly polluting industries. However, the concentration of industrial solid waste pollution caused by the transfer is not obvious. Furthermore, the deepening of industrialization intensifies the concentration of regional environmental pollution. Environmental Kuznets Curve does exist in China, but it is not significant. The increase of labor cost and quality will reduce the concentration of environmental pollution.     

Trans-ocean wireless transfer of electricity from continent to continent

The author offers collections from his previous research of the revolutionary new ideas: wireless transfer of electric energy to a long distance – from one continent to another continent through the Earth's ionosphere and the storage of the electric energy in the ionosphere. Earlier he also suggested the use of electronic tubes as the method for transportation of electricity into outer space and the 100-km electrostatic space towers for connection to the Earth's ionosphere. Earlier a connection to the Earth's ionosphere using 100-km solid or inflatable towers was suggested. however, the technology faces difficulties. In this work, connection to the Earth's ionosphere by thin plastic tubes supported in the atmosphere by electron gas and electrostatic force is researched. Building this system is cheap and easy using the current technology. The computation allows estimating the possibility of the suggested method.     

基于粒子群算法的城市垃圾中转站的空间布局研究

随着城市化的进程，垃圾处理设施成为影响城市化质量的重要指标。依据人们实际所关注的垃圾处理设施的总成本和负效应两个因素，在前人研究的基础上，建立了垃圾收运多目标模型，使得总成本和负效应最优化。根据模型设计了粒子群算法，该算法属于智能算法，且精度高，收敛快，在许多领域也得到广泛应用。用设计的粒子群算法并结合案例求出了Pareto最优解，给出三种决策方案，验证了模型和算法的有效性和可行性，为决策者提供了一种理论参考。     

城郊土壤共存元素对土壤作物系统Cd、Pb迁移的影响分析——以白银市城郊区为例

通过共存元素对土壤小麦系统Cd、Pb行为影响的调查研究发现：大田条件下共存元素以正对数模式与根系Cd、Pb密切相关，同种元素间相关程度最高；根系Cd、Pb积累主要取决于土壤环境Cd、Pb的含量，共存元素也产生一定的影响，认为要防止重金属通过食物链对人类的危害，就必须降低土壤环境中重金属的总量。     

化肥氮素在水稻田中迁移与淋失的模拟研究

为了研究氮化肥施入农田对地表水和地下水的影响 ,在一种特殊的大型人工模拟土层和地下水装置中进行试验。研究结果表明 :即使尿素和生物矿质复混肥以中、低施肥量施入水田 ,也会造成地表淹水、耕层土壤和不同深度土层溶液有较高含量的有机 N和 N H3- N,并对地下水补给状况极差的地下水有明显的污染 ;水田中 N O- 3 - N很难长期存在 ,其污染程度可忽略不计